Impact of critical care medicine publications from intensive care department at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh in the last two decades.

INTRODUCTION: The volume and quality of biomedical research publications from an institution are considered adequate indicators of the quality of medical care in that institute. King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is one of the oldest and most distinguished medical centers in the country. METHODS: In this study, we analyzed the number of publications from the Critical Care Unit of the hospital in the past two decades, from 1996 to 2016. The research publications were evaluated on various parameters. Moreover, the impact of their study on global medicine was determined. RESULTS: Our results indicate a steady progression in the number of publications from the institute in the past two decades. An average of 17.3 papers was published each year during this time. Out of the 283 publications from KAMC included in this study, the majority of the publications were original articles, 61 were review articles, 66 were multicenter trial studies and 28 were randomized control trials. The citation profile of the publications was good indicating global impact of the studies. CONCLUSION: The global impact of research as evaluated through published manuscripts in KAMC is overall good. This was deduced from both the increase in the number of publications each year and also the quality of papers as evidenced by the citation index of the papers published between 1996 and 2016.

The Saudi Thoracic Society guidelines for diagnosis and management of noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis.

This is the first guideline developed by the Saudi Thoracic Society for the diagnosis and management of noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. Local experts including pulmonologists, infectious disease specialists, thoracic surgeons, respiratory therapists, and others from adult and pediatric departments provided the best practice evidence recommendations based on the available international and local literature. The main objective of this guideline is to utilize the current published evidence to develop recommendations about management of bronchiectasis suitable to our local health-care system and available resources. We aim to provide clinicians with tools to standardize the diagnosis and management of bronchiectasis. This guideline targets primary care physicians, family medicine practitioners, practicing internists and respiratory physicians, and all other health-care providers involved in the care of the patients with bronchiectasis.

Therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest.

Prognosis following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is generally poor, which is mostly due to the severity of neuronal damage. Recently, the use of therapeutic hypothermia has gradually occupied an important role in managing neuronal injuries in some cases of cardiac arrests. Some of the clinical trials conducted in comatose post-resuscitation cardiac arrest patients within the last decade have shown induced hypothermia to be effective in facilitating neuronal function recovery. This method has since been adopted in a number of guidelines and protocols as the standard method of treatment in carefully selected patient groups. Patient inclusion criteria ensure that hypothermia-associated complications are kept to a minimum while at the same time maximizing the treatment benefits. In the present work, we have examined different aspects in the use of therapeutic hypothermia as a means of managing comatose patients following cardiac arrest.

The impact of time to tracheostomy on mechanical ventilation duration, length of stay, and mortality in intensive care unit patients.

INTRODUCTION: This study examined the potential effects of time to tracheostomy on mechanical ventilation duration, intensive care unit (ICU), and hospital length of stay (LOS), and ICU and hospital mortality. METHODS: Cohort observational study was conducted in a tertiary care medical-surgical ICU based on a prospectively collected ICU database. We included 531 consecutive patients who were admitted between March 1999 and February 2005, and underwent tracheostomy during their ICU stay. The effect of time to tracheostomy on the different outcomes assessed was estimated using multivariate regression analyses (linear or logistic, based on the type of variables). Other independent variables that were included in the analyses included selected admission characteristics. RESULTS: Mean +/- SD was 12.0 +/- 7.3 days for time to tracheostomy, and 23.1 +/- 18.9 days for ICU LOS. Time to tracheostomy was associated with an increased duration of mechanical ventilation (beta-coefficient = 1.31 for each day; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14-1.48), ICU LOS (beta-coefficient = 1.31 for each day; 95% CI, 1.13-1.48), and hospital LOS (beta-coefficient = 1.80 for each day; 95% CI, 0.65-2.94). On the other hand, time to tracheostomy was not associated with increased ICU or hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Time to tracheostomy was independently associated with increased mechanical ventilation duration, ICU LOS, and hospital LOS, but was not associated with increased mortality. Performing tracheostomy earlier in the course of ICU stay may have an effect on ICU resources and could entail significant cost-savings without adversely affecting patient mortality.

Changing sedation practices in the intensive care unit--protocol implementation, multifaceted multidisciplinary approach and teamwork.

INTRODUCTION: Sedation protocols have demonstrated effectiveness in improving ICU sedation practices. However, the importance of multifaceted multidisciplinary approach on the success of such protocols has not been fully examined. METHODS: The study was conducted in a tertiary care medical-surgical ICU as a prospective, 4-pronged, observational study describing a quality improvement initiative that employs 2 types of controlled comparisons: a "before and after" comparison related to intense education of ICU clinicians and nurses about sedation and analgesia in the ICU, and a comparison of protocolized versus non-protocolized care. Patients were assigned alternatively to receive sedation by a goal-directed protocol using the Riker Sedation-Agitation Scale (SAS) or by standard practice. A multifaceted multidisciplinary educational program was initiated including the use of point of use reminders, directed educational efforts, and opinion leaders. This included several lectures and in-services and the routine availability of at least one member of this group to answer questions. We included all consecutive patients receiving mechanical ventilation, who were judged by their treating team to require intravenous sedation. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The following data was collected: demographics, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score and Simplified Acute Physiology score (SAPS) II, daily doses of analgesics and sedatives, duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU length of stay (LOS) and ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) incidence. To examine the effect of the multifaceted multidisciplinary approach, we compared the first 3 months to the second 3 months in the following 4 groups: G1 no protocol group in the first 3 months, G2 protocol group in first 3 months, G3 no protocol group in the second 3 months, G4 protocol group in the second 3 months. After ICU day 3, SAS in the groups G2, G3 and G4 became higher than in G1 reflecting "lighter" levels of sedation. There were significant reductions in the use of analgesics and sedatives in the protocol group after 3 months. This was associated with a reduction in VAP rate and trends towards shorter mechanical ventilation duration and hospital length of stay (LOS). CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of a multifaceted multidisciplinary approach including the use of point of use reminders, directed educational efforts, and opinion leaders along with sedation protocol led to significant changes in sedation practices and improvement in patients' outcomes. Such approach appears to be critical for the success of ICU sedation protocol.

Weekend and weeknight admissions have the same outcome of weekday admissions to an intensive care unit with onsite intensivist coverage.

OBJECTIVE: Several reports have indicated increased mortality for weekend and nighttime admissions to the intensive care unit. This increase has been attributed to differences in staffing levels. The impact of onsite 24-hr/7-day intensivist staffing on weekend and weeknight outcomes has not been examined before. The objective of this study was to determine whether weekend and nighttime admissions compromise patient outcome in an intensive care unit staffed by an onsite intensivist 24 hrs a day and 7 days a week. DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: Tertiary care medical-surgical intensive care unit staffed 24 hrs/7 days by onsite consultant intensivists with predominantly North American Critical Care Board certifications. PATIENTS: We included all emergency admissions over 4 yrs (March 1999 to February 2003) from a prospectively collected intensive care unit database. Admissions were grouped into weekday, weeknight, and weekend admissions. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Predicted mortality rates were calculated using Mortality Probability Models II0 and II24. The primary outcome was hospital mortality. Standardized mortality ratios were calculated. Secondary end points included intensive care unit mortality, duration of mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit length of stay, and the need for renal replacement therapy, tracheostomy, and pulmonary artery catheter during the intensive care unit course. A total of 2,093 admissions were included in the study, of which 31% were admitted on weekdays, 35% on weeknights, and 34% on weekends. The three groups were similar in baseline characteristics. There was no significant difference in hospital mortality rates among the three time periods (36%, 36%, and 37%, respectively, p=.90). There were also no significant differences in any of the secondary end points. CONCLUSIONS: In an intensive care unit staffed by onsite certified intensivists 24 hrs/7 days, we found no compromise in the care of patients admitted during weekends and weeknights. These findings suggest that such coverage helps in ensuring consistency of care and therefore represents a potentially improved model for intensive care unit practice.